Preface to volume 1: Philological Sciences
Volume one of the three-volume monograph Alma Mater Leopoliensis. The History of Lviv’s Humanities 1661–1946 is devoted almost entirely to the history of the philological sciences. It begins with the dissertation by full professor Adam Redzik dedicated to the official legal acts under which the Lviv university functioned from the beginning of its establishment until the beginning of the 20th century. We treat this chapter as a kind of introduction not only to this volume, but to the entire three-volume monograph.
In the first volume of the monograph, we wanted to describe the history of philological sciences through the prism of not only the scientific achievements of excellent literary scholars and outstanding linguists, meritorious for the development of the humanities, but also of their students, tracing the fate of the scientific careers of academics and their alumni gathered around the units (institutes, chairs or departments) functioning at the University of Lviv. The first two chapters, which constitute a kind of whole, discuss the tradition of literary studies centered around Polish literature and the history of its teaching at the newly established chair of Polish Language and Literature in 1817 until the exodus of Lviv scholars after 1945. In the first chapter, associate professor Ewa Grzęda emphasises, among other things, the didactic, scientific and editorial activity of Antoni Małecki, which was important both for the Lviv academy and for all-Polish philology studies. She draws attention, among other things, to the academic achievement of Roman Pilat, his innovative way of conducting literary studies and his contribution to the establishment of the Lviv historical-literary school, the achievements of Wilhelm Bruchnalski – an expert in Adam Mickiewicz’s literary works and the outstanding poet and translator Jan Kasprowicz. The second chapter by associate professor Mariusz Chrostek presents further fates of literary scholars – Polish philologists working already at the Jan Kazimierz University. He presents the achievements of, among others, Juliusz Kleiner ─ one of the most eminent scholars of Polish literature, and at the same time ─ as the author calls him ─ “the main pillar of Lviv’s Polish studies”, Eugeniusz Kucharski, the best expert on Fredro in interwar Poland and the creator of his own methodology of researching a work, and Kazimierz Kolbuszewski, whose research interests focused primarily on Old Polish literature. It also introduces the figures of assistant professors who obtained post-doctoral degrees (“docent habilitowany”) in the twentieth century, including Stefan Vrtel-Wierczyński or Stefania Skwarczyńska, as well as teaching assistants such as Janina Garbaczowska or Władysław Floryan. Closely linked to these chapters is the third one, devoted to the history of linguistics. Full professor Anna Dąbrowska and assistant professor Anna Burzyńska-Kamieniecka describe the fate of Antoni Kalina, the author of, inter alia, the first historical grammar of the Polish language, Adam Kryński ─ the co-author of Słownik języka polskiego, Kazimierz Nitsch ─ one of the most eminent dialectologists then, a versologist Maria Dłuska or an onomastics specialist Witold Taszycki, the last head of the Polish language chair at the Ivan Franko Lviv State University. Some of the Polish philologists – literary scholars were also Slavists. The next two chapters are devoted to them. In the fourth chapter, assistant professor Bartosz Juszczak discusses the scientific and didactic achievements of, among others, the above-mentioned linguists and Tadeusz Lehr-Spławiński, one of the most eminent Slavists, the supervisor of later well-known linguists such as Zdzisław Stieber and Stanisław Bąk. It also introduces Slavic language lectors, including Bolesław Czuruk and Jan Mierzwa, teaching assistants – Stanisław Rospond, Marian Jakóbiec and Stefan Hrabec, who began their academic careers in Lviv. The fifth chapter by Dr Helena Sojka-Masztalerz is devoted to Ruthenian/Ukrainian philology, the history of which, although it began in 1849 with the establishment of the chair of Ruthenian Language and Literature, had a very turbulent history. The author focuses on presenting the achievements of, among others, Jakub Głowacki, Emilian Ogonowski, Zygmunt Sawczyński and Jan Janów. While the earlier chapters are closely linked, both personally and institutionally, the subsequent chapters constitute separate dissertations, sometimes linked by the research interests of particular individuals or by the functions they held temporally. In the sixth chapter, associate professor Jakub Pigoń discusses the history of academic classical philology through the prism of, among others, eminent Hellenists and Latinists, their scientific achievements and accomplishments in university didactics. It presents the profiles of, among others, Wacław Hann, Zygmunt Węclewski, Ludwik Ćwikliński, Stanisław Witkowski and Ryszard Ganszyniec. The seventh chapter by associate professor Markus Eberharter contains information on the history of German philology, the training of German language teachers (initially mainly to the needs of the monarchy) and problems with filling the position of head of chair. He introduces us to the Lviv academic community formed by germanists, which included, among others: August Sauer, Ryszard Werner, Wiktor Dollmeyer, Emil Petzold or Zdzisław Żygulski. The eighth chapter by Dr Tomasz Krzyżowski is a compendium of knowledge on the development of oriental studies in Lviv, with particular emphasis on the establishment of the Oriental Institute and oriental studies in the interwar period. The author discusses the activities of, among others, Andrzej Gawroński, Mojżesz Schorr, Władysław Kotwicz, Stanisław Stasiak, many lectors and lecturers whose academic interests included the area of the Middle East, Asia and West and North Africa. Full professor Beata Baczyńska and D. Litt. Ewa Krystyna Kulak present the history of Lviv Romance Studies. The authors primarily highlight the contribution of Edward Porębowicz and his student Zygmunt Czerny to the development of Romance studies in Poland and their unique position in pre-war Lviv. The last chapter ─ the tenth one ─ ends with associate professor Mirosława Podhajecka’s dissertation on English philology. The author describes the beginnings of English language teaching and the fate of individual lecturers. She emphasises the great academic achievements of the Shakespeare scholar Władysław Tarnawski and the difficult decisions he made as a publicist and political activist.
The monograph was published as part of the competition announced by the Minister of Science and Higher Education under the name National Programme for the Development of the Humanities – National Heritage I/2017 (0170/NPRH6/H11/85/2018), carried out by the Institute of Polish Philology of the University of Wrocław.
Anna Dąbrowska
Helena Sojka-Masztalerz
Preface to Volume 2: Historical Sciences
The second volume of the three-volume monograph Alma Mater Leopoliensis. History of the Lviv Humanities 1661–1946 is devoted to the history of the historical sciences, including auxiliary sciences of history that support historians’ work, and fields of knowledge directly related to the methods of historical research (although nowadays classified as separate fields of the humanities). This is anthropology, which stands on the borderline between the humanities, social and psychological sciences, as well as ethnology ─ one of the disciplines of anthropology. It also says about archaeology, which in the Central European tradition (in German-speaking and Slavic countries) is combined with history (see, for example, the OECD Field of Science and Technology Classification). The juxtaposition of ethnology and anthropology can be seen today in the structure of the history departments of some universities (e.g. the University of Wrocław). It also discusses the prehistory, which in the interwar period was always associated with anthropology and ethnology in the lecture programmes of the Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv.
We would like our monograph to encourage other scholars to take up this fascinating subject of the study of the history of Lviv University, beginning from the description of the struggle with the establishment of the Jesuit College and the creation of the first Chair of History in 1784 at the Josephine University to the moment when the Soviets began the reorganisation of the entire education system in September 1939, the approval of the new university charter, the situation of scholars at the Ivan Franko Lviv State University and just after the end of the Second World War. In this volume of the monograph, we wanted to describe the history of the humanities through the prism of the academic achievement of eminent historians, archaeologists, ethnologists, anthropologists and their students, to trace the scientific careers of academics and their alumni gathered around the units (institutes, chairs or departments) functioning at the University of Lviv. The historical seminars conducted by scholars such as Henryk Zeissberg, Tadeusz Wojciechowski, Stanisław Zakrzewski and Bronisław Dembiński (from the 1870s onwards) were discussed, as well as the so-called scientific schools created by Lviv’s historical community, including the historical school centred around Ksawery Liske, Franciszek Bujak’s school of economic history, Stanisław Łempicki’s school of the history of education, the anthropological school created by Jan Czekanowski and the ethnological school headed by Adam Fischer.
In addition to researchers from various research centres in Poland: associate professor Maria Stini from the Jagiellonian University, associate professor Mariola Hoszowska and associate professor Paweł Sierżęga from the University of Rzeszów, associate professor Karol Sanojca and associate professor Grzegorz Hryciuk, whose problem articles make up the present volume, we were able to enlist the cooperation of docent Marjan Mudry, whose dissertation on the Ukrainian Secret University in Lviv 1921–1925 significantly enriches research on the issues of Lviv higher education and the uneasy Polish-Ukrainian relations in the struggle for a Ukrainian university. The pandemic, and later the full-scale war launched by the Russian Federation in 2022, prevented other Ukrainian scholars from joining our work, and forced some to abandon their research.
The monograph was published as part of the competition announced by the Minister of Science and Higher Education under the name National Programme for the Development of the Humanities – National Heritage I/2017 (0170/NPRH6/H11/85/2018), carried out by the Institute of Polish Philology of the University of Wrocław.
Anna Dąbrowska
Helena Sojka-Masztalerz
Preface to Volume 3: Philosophy, Theology, Musicology, History of Art
Volume three of the three-volume monograph Alma Mater Leopoliensis. History of the Lviv Humanities 1661–1946 consists essentially of four chapters and an appendix that includes two interactive inventories. The first chapter is devoted to the history of philosophy. Is is presented by full professor Anna Brożek. After initial terminological arrangements, the philosopher adopts the understanding of philosophy as a group of disciplines that includes logic, psychology, metaphysics and ontology, the theory of cognition, ethics and aesthetics, as well as the history of philosophy as an auxiliary discipline. The author presents numerous profiles of philosophers, such as Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz, Roman Ingarden, Władysław Witwicki, Helena Słoniewska, Izydora Dąbska, working at the Lviv University in different periods of its functioning. She focuses her attention on Kazimierz Twardowski, the phenomenon of his “school” and the various currents that existed within it. The disciplines of the humanities also include theology. Chapter two is devoted to its history. The author Dr Marek Miławicki discusses, among other things, the structure of the faculty, the participation of individual professors and lecturers in the academic life of the university and the Polish state. He repeatedly highlights the achievements of the staff especially in philosophical and theological sciences. He draws attention to the importance of the Faculty of Theology in obtaining a solid education and in the preparation of Catholic clergy of three rites and many nationalities for pastoral work. Philosophy was also taught at the university of Lviv from its inception. The history of this science is presented by full professor Anna Bożek in the second chapter of this volume. The next two chapters of this volume contain information on the history of science, which ─ in the Anglo-Saxon cultural circle ─ is referred to as arts, meaning science related to the arts. In the third chapter, full professor Maciej Gołąb discusses the history of musicology, the work of the eminent musicologist and music historian Adolf Chybiński, and his contribution to the establishment of the “Lviv school of musicology”. Musicology and the history of art at Lviv University are linked by the figure of the eminent art historian Jan Bołoz Antoniewicz, who was the first to suggest the Faculty of Philosophy of Lviv University the idea of establishing chair of musicology at the university of Lviv. The fourth chapter is devoted to this historian, as well as to other art historians such as Władysław Podlacha, Mieczysław Gębarowicz and Karolina Lanckorońska. In it, associate professor Rafał Eysymontt and Dr Roksolana Holovata present in detail the history of art history as a university subject. They show the activities undertaken by Lviv art historians in a broader context. The authors characterise their conservation activities against the background of the artistic life of the nineteenth-century Lviv. Volume three concludes with a dissertation by associate professor Grzegorz Hryciuk, which describes the history of the Lviv university during the German and two Soviet occupations. The author shows socio-political and nationality relations against the background of the unfolding events in Lviv.
We are giving readers the three-volume monograph in the form of an e-book enriched with access to the digital archive (https://archiw.uwr.edu.pl/ ─ Archiwum cyfrowe), which significantly expands the source base of previous studies. In addition to the references in the individual articles, the third volume of the monograph contains two comprehensive interactive inventories (in alphabetical order) of the 5th description of fond 26 and the 1st description of fond P-119, together with links to all personal files. There we also provide detailed rules for the transliteration and transcription of names written in Cyrillic script, which were adopted throughout the monograph. In the case of Ukrainian and Russian surnames and forenames which are historical or known in the Polish version, we use the Polish version of their transcription (see the inventory of the 5th description of fond 26 ─ of the State Archive of the Lviv Region ─ DALO). In the case of Ukrainian and Russian surnames and forenames appearing in the inventory already compiled in Ukrainian at the Ivan Franko Lviv National University Archive (see inventory of the 1st description of fond P-119 ─ ALUNIF), only the endings were, e.g. surnames to: -ський, -цький (they receive successively -ski, -cki endings, e.g. Полянський ─ Polanski), surnames to -ий (-iй) (they receive a Polish -y ending, e.g. Мудрий ─ Mudry), to -ць (they receive an -ć ending, e.g. Куровець ─ Kuroweć), while forenames were left in their original version.
More information is available in the e-book Alma Mater Leopoliensis. Dzieje humanistyki lwowskiej 1661-1946 (Alma Mater Leopoliensis. History of the Lviv Humanities 1661–1946).
The monograph was published as part of the competition announced by the Minister of Science and Higher Education under the name National Programme for the Development of the Humanities – National Heritage I/2017 (0170/NPRH6/H11/85/2018), carried out by the Institute of Polish Philology of the University of Wrocław.
Anna Dąbrowska
Helena Sojka-Masztalerz