Transliteration, transcription and declension of Ukrainian surnames and forenames in fond 26 (description 5) and fond P-119 (description 1) used in the monograph Alma Mater Leopoliensis. History of the Lviv Humanities 1661─1946 and in the two inventories that are an integral part of it.
The transliteration rules used in the two archival collections (fond 26, description 5; fond P-119, description 1) are based on the Polish PN-ISO 9 standard in force since 1 February 2000: Transliteracja znaków cyrylickich na znaki łacińskie. Języki słowiańskie i niesłowiańskie. The transcription, on the other hand, is in accordance with the resolutions of the Committee on Linguistics of the Polish Academy of Sciences of 20 January 1956, published in Pisownia Polska (Wrocław 1957) and given in Wielki słownik ortograficzny National Scientific Publishers PWN edited by Edward Polański. The principle of polonising the endings of Ukrainian and Russian forenames and surnames was adopted (their remaining part retains the phonetic properties of the original). In the case of surnames known and/or already in use (in archival documents), the Polish version was also used in transcription.
In the case of Ukrainian historical forenames and surnames or those known in the Polish version in the inventory of the 5th description of fond 26 (State Archive of Lviv Region ─ DALO), the Polish version of their transcription was used. In the case of Ukrainian and/or Russian surnames and forenames appearing in the inventory compiled in Ukrainian at the Archive of the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv (ALUNIF) in the inventory of the 1st description of fond P-119, only the endings were polonised, while the forenames were left in their original version. In addition, both inventories provide a transliteration of the surnames and forenames which are on the cover of each personal file.
In the monograph, in the case of the existence of several variants of the surname and/or forename, e.g. Piotr Stebelski/ Petro Stebelski; Hilarion Święcicki/Iłarion Swencicki there was given (the first time in the text) together with the extreme dates and a reference to the personal file (if preserved in the description) was used: Petro Stebelski (ukr. Петро Стебельський, in DALO as Piotr Stebelski), Iłarion Swiencicki (ukr. Іларіон Свєнціцький, in DALO as Hilarion Święcicki). Surnames and forenames were pronounced similarly to Polish surnames according to the rules given below.
Declension of personal names
Mens’ surnames
1. Surnames ending in –ський like Бачинський, Пачовський receive Polish endings and are declined like Polish surnames in -ski, e.g.
Бачинський ─ Baczynski, Baczynskiego, Baczynskiemu, about Baczynskim
Пачовський ─ Paczowski, Paczowskiego, Paczowskiemu, about Paczowskim
2. Surnames ending in –цький receive Polish endings and are declined like a Polish surname in –cki, e.g.
Слонецький ─ Słonecki, Słoneckiego, Słoneckiemu, about Słoneckim
Свєнціцький ─ Swencicki, Swencickiego, Swencickiemu, about Swencickim
3. Surnames ending in –ий (-ій) (but not in -ський, -цький) receive Polish endings and are declined like Polish adjectival surnames in –y such as Cichy, Zimny, e.g. Cichy, Zimny.
Бережний ─ Bereżny, Bereżnego, Bereżnemu, about Bereżnym
Храпливий ─ Chrapływy, Chrapływego, Chrapływemu, about Chrapływym
Чорний ─ Czorny, Czornego, Czornemu, about Czornym
but
in stems ending in –k, –g, e.g.
Легкий (Петро) ─ Łehki, Łehkiego, Łehkiemu, about Łehkim
but
Козій (Григорій) ─ Kozij, Kozija, Kozijowi, with Kozijem, about Koziju.
Шемлей (Йосиф) ─ Szemłej, Szemłeja, Szemłejowi, Szemłejem, about Szemłej
4. Surnames with the suffix –ич receive the Polish ending –ycz, e.g.
Демкевич (Ілля) ─ Demkewycz, Demkewycza, Demkewyczowi, Demkewyczem, about Demkewyczu
5. Surnames ending in –ць, –зь, –cь, –нь, –ль receive Polish endings –ć, –ź, –ś, –ń, –l.
a) ending in –ць such as:
Брагінець (Андрій) ─ Brahineć, Brahincia, Brahinciowi, Brahinciem, about Brahinciu
Горобець (Петро) ─ Horobeć, Horobcia, Horobciowi, Horobciem, about Horobciu
They should be distinguished from –c surnames, e.g. Дец ─ Dec, Deca, Decowi, Decem, about Decu.
In addition, in oblique cases there may be an exchange of e : ø, e.g. Horobeć, Horobcia or its lack in monosyllabic surnames in the nominative, e.g. Dec.
In two-syllable or longer surnames which have the form of common nouns, it is suggested to use this vowel exchange.
b) surnames ending in –cь such as:
Мapкуcь ─ Markuś, Markusia, Markusowi, Markusiem, about Markusiu.
They should be distinguished from surnames ending in -s, e.g. Вус (Михайло) ─ Wus, Wusa, Wusowi, Wusem, about Wusem
c) surnames ending in –зь such as:
Кармазь ─ Karmaź, Karmazia, Karmaziowi, Karmaziem, about Karmaziu.
They should be distinguished from surnames ending in –z, e.g. Павуз ─ Pawuz, Pawuza, Pawuzowi, Pawuzem, about Pawuzem
d) surnames ending in –нь such as:
Лень ─ Łeń, Łenia, Łeniowi, Łenie, about Łeniu.
They should be distinguished from surnames ending in –n, e.g. Білкун ─ Biłkun, Biłkuna, Biłkunowi, Biłkunem, about Biłkunie
e) surnames ending in –ль such as:
Кіналь ─ Kinal, Kinala, Kinalowi, Kinalem, about Kinalu.
They should be distinguished from surnames ending in –ł, e.g. Чекал ─ Czekał, Czekała, Czekałowi, Czekałem, about Czekale
6. The surname ending in –дь, –ть receives the ending –d’, –t’ (’ modifier letter prime)
We write and declinelike the following ones:
Кудь ─ Kud’, Kudia, Kudiem, about Kudiu;
Лікоть ─ Likot’, Likotia, Likotiem, about Likotiu
but
Кость ─ Kost’, Kostia, Kostiowi, Kostiem, o Kostiu (the surname coming from the name)
Следзь ─ Sledź, Sledzia, Sledziowi, Sledziem, about Sledziu
7. Surnames with the suffix –iв such as Яців (Петро), Леськів (Михайло), Паньків (Василь) in the singular nominative have the form –iw, and in oblique cases –ow-, e.g.
Яців ─ Jackiw, Jackowa, Jackowowi, with Jackowem, about Jackowie (from the name Яцкo – Jacko)
Леськів ─ Леськів ─ Łeśkiw, Łeśkowa, Łeśkowowi, with Łeśkowem, about Łeśkowie (from the name Лесь – Łeś)
Паньків ─ Pańkiw, Pańkowa, Pańkowowi, with Pańkowem, about Pańkowie (from the name Панькo – Pańko)
8. Surnames ending in –ов, –eв, such as Ковальов (Семен), Малаканов (Павло), Зайцев are declined like nouns, e.g.
Ковальов ─ Kowalow, Kowalowa, Kowalowowi, Kowalowem, about Kowalowie
Малаканов ─ Małakanow, Małakanowa, Małakanowowi, Małakanowem, about Małakanowie
Зайцев ─ Zajcew, Zajcewa, Zajcewowi, Zajcewem, about Zajcewie
9. Surnames ending in –енко such as Іванченко, Куценко receive the ending –enko
We decline:
Іванченко ─ Iwanczenko, Iwanczenki, Iwanczence, Iwanczenkę, Iwanczenką
Куценко ─ Kucenko, Kucenki, Kucence, Kucenkę, Kucenką
but
if a stem ends in the letter л, e.g. Коваленко write as Kowałenko and decline, keeping the stem: Kowałenki, Kowałence, Kowałenkę, about Kowałence.
10. Surnames ending in –o after a soft consonant of the type Куцьо (Іван) or a hard consonant of the type Туркало.
We decline: Kucio, Kucia, Kuciowi, Kuciem, Kuciu; Turkało, Turkały, Turkale, Turkałę, Turkałą
11. One- and two-syllable surnames which have the same form as common nouns like Дуб, Кіт, Когут are decline as follows:
Дуб ─ Dub, Duba, Dubowi, Dubem, about Dubie
Кіт ─ Kit, Kita, Kitowi, Kitem, about Kicie
Когут ─ Kohut, Kohuta, Kohutem, Kohucie
It is not proposed to use the exchange e : ø in monosyllabic surnames, among other things, due to the difficulties in pronunciation.
Declension Лев (Василь) ─ Łew, Łewa, Łewowi, Łewem, about Łewie
Female surnames
1. Surnames ending in –ськa such as Саганська receive Polish endings and are declined like the Polish surname with –ska, e.g.
Саганська ─ Sahanska, Sahanskiej, Sahanską
2. Names ending in –цькa such as Рудницька receive Polish endings and are declined like the Polish surname with -cka, e.g.
Рудницька ─ Rudnycka, Rudnyckiej, Rudnycką
3. Surnames ending in –a:
a) (but not in -ськa, -цькa) such as Гладка (Ірина)
receive Polish endings and are declined like Polish surnames motivated by common adjectives ending in –a, e.g. Cicha, Zimna.
Гладка ─ Hładka, Hładkiej, Hładką
b) with the suffix –owa such as Бакова (Марія) we decline by the addition of adjectival endings, e.g.
Бакова ─ Bakowa, Bakowej, Bakową.
4. Female surnames remain undeclined which end in:
a) –ич receive the ending –ycz, e.g. Габрусевич (Надія) ─ Habrusewycz
b) –iв, e.g. Гаврилів (Марія) ─ Hawryliw
c) –enko, e.g. Костенко (Тамара) ─ Kostenko
d) –o after a soft consonant, e.g. Іваньо (Стефанія) ─ Iwanio
e) –ій, e.g. Скрипій (Ольгa) ─ Skrypij
f) one- and two-syllable surnames having the identical form as common nouns, e.g. Дуб (Степанія) ─ Dub, Когут (Лідія) ─ Kohut.
g) with e movable, e.g. Бодек (Ґабріеля) ─ Bodek.
(h) –ць receives the Polish ending -ć, e.g. Біць (Степанія) ─ Bić.
Similrly to masculine forms, they should be distinguished from names ending in –c, e.g. Мриц ─ Mryc (Мирослава).
Forenames
The principle was adopted of not using Polish equivalents for Ukrainian and Russian names, if even these equivalents exist. As in the case of surnames, transcription rules for Ukrainian and Russian forenames were applied in accordance with the guidelines provided in Wielki słownik ortograficzny National Scientific Publishers PWN edited by Edward Polański.
Mens’ forenames
1. Names ending in a hard consonant, e.g.
Леонід ─ Łeonid, Łeonida, Łeonidowi, Łeonidem, about Łeonidzie;
Олександр ─ Ołeksnandr, Ołeksandra, Ołeksandrowi, Ołeksandrem, about Ołeksandrze
Степан ─ Stepan, Stepana, Stepanowi, Stepanem, about Stepanie
Гліб ─ Hlib, Hliba, Hlibowi, Hlibem, about Hlibie
but
forenames having the form –i– in the nominative singular. In oblique cases there is an exchange of i : o, e.g.
Антін ─ Antin, Antona, Antonowi, Antonem, Antonie
Прокіп ─ Prokip, Prokopa, Prokopowi, Prokopem, about Prokopie
Федір ─ Fedir, Fedora, Fedorowi, Fedorem, about Fedorze
2. Forenames ending in a soft or softened sound such as Андрій, Амврозій, Вінкентій, Васілій, Юрій, Василь, Гриць
We decline:
Андрій ─ Andrij, Andrija, Andrijowi, Andrijem, about Andriju
Василь ─ Wasyl, Wasyla, Wasylowi, Wasylem, about Wasylu
Гриць ─ Hryć, Hrycia, Hryciowi, Hryciem, about Hryciu
but
similarly to the spelling of surnames:
Кость ─ Kost’, Kostia, Kostiowi, Kostiem, about Kostiu
3. ending in –o:
a) a hard consonant and the vowel -o after a hard consonant, e.g. Михайло, Павло, Петро, Дмитро
Михайло ─ Mychajło, Mychajła, Mychajłowi, Mychajłem, about Mychajle
Петро ─ Petro, Petra, Petrowi, Petrem, about Petrze
b) the hard consonant -k and the vowel –o, e.g.
Ілько ─ Ilko, Ilka, Ilkowi, Ilkiem, about Ilce
Василько ─ Wasylko, Wasylka, Wasylkowi, Wasylkiem, about Wasylce
4. ending in –a:
a) after a hard consonant, e.g. Олекса, Микола according to the feminine hard-stem noun pattern ending in –a:
Олекса ─ Ołeksa, Ołeksa, Ołeksa, Ołeksa, Ołeksa, Ołeksa
Микола ─ Mykola, Mykoly, Mykole, Mykolę, Mykolą
b) after the consonant –l according to the feminine soft-stem noun pattern, e.g.
Ілля ─ Illia, Illii, Illię, Illią.
Female forenames
1. Ending in:
a) –a e.g. Мальвина, Катерина, Ірина, Таїса
Мальвина ─ Malwyna, Malwyny, Malwynie, Malwynę, Malwyną
b) -я, e.g. Марія, Пелагія, Степанія, Надія, Наталія, Ґабріеля
Марія ─ Marija, Mariji, Mariję, Mariją
2. Names ending in a consonant e.g. Любов are not declined.